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[且听且看(音视频)] 最容易理解错的英语词

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发表于 2016-12-12 02:30 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |正序浏览 |阅读模式

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"It's your call."说的不是打电话,而是做决定;9 U* u! ^: I8 e3 A. T5 ~8 _2 k
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"I need some company."跟公司没有半点关系,而是要人陪;
: z/ o" g6 b* D& [  h"You're so mean."指某人很刻薄,但是"To do a mean job."则是夸一个人有能力。
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英语里很多常用词,不同情况下,意思完全不一样!不知道其中的区别,日常交流、读书看报,很可能造成误会、闹出笑话。

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今天,我们就说说最常用的英语多义词!
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(18:15多义词,来自开言英语OpenLanguage)2 d, Q7 {+ q8 f3 ~$ i

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相同的词在不同的句子里,意思可能完全不一样!
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多义词”顾名思义是一个词有多个意思,但在老外看来,每个不同的意思都是不同的词。这也算是文化差异吧。6 q% ^9 C4 a. N" ]
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Every language has words with many meanings: 每种语言都有自己的多义词
Today, we’re going to talk about English words with multiple meanings that seem entirelyunrelated to each other: 今天我们要说的这些英语多义词,它们的多个意思相差甚远
These words have a primary meaning that's well-known to all, but they also have one common lesser-known meaning: 这些词最主要的意思大家都知道,但它们另外至少还有一个你可能不知道的意思
Words with multiple meanings: 多义词 (比较常见的“多义词”在英语中的表达)3 U! \, B& {: U( Y5 Y5 \/ B
Many native speakers think of it as two different words: 很多英语母语者会把多义词看成完全不同的词- e% P4 G1 R; q7 f' D# `# g( q% P
But for many English learners, they are the same word since the spelling and the pronunciation are the same: 但对很多英语学习者来说,多义词的拼法一样,读音也一样,明明就是一个词啊
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“Title”
刚打完的NBA总决赛、激战正酣的欧洲杯,都会用到"title"这个词。
Title最常见的三个意思:
1. name of a book, article and so forth: 书名、文章标题等5 J" R" {, `8 @; J0 I8 S+ d8 \: |: Z
2. description of a position, rank, status: 职称、头衔
0 |4 E' I/ J- x. G2 B3. championship: 冠军- `( u/ G) f5 {% r6 r: v( A

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+ n* i0 W! N0 j5 x$ [2 TJob title: 工作职位、头衔: s, ?+ @2 W5 z* z9 Z9 R# H( M
Title of a book or article: 书名或文章的题目
" k5 f/ `: o. v5 a1 I4 `; \. OIn the context of sports, title means championship: 在体育相关的文本中,title指的是总冠军
9 N0 V( p- n( d: n' d% zYou can think of championship as something like a job title: 你也可以把总冠军看作一个像工作职位一样的头衔* h$ w( y3 z; X( ?6 ?* o
A person can be the president of a company while a team can be the champion of a competition: 一个人可以是公司的老总;一个球队可以是比赛的冠军(两者都是头衔)
' Y# f6 z+ w* Q/ I* jThis year, Spain is defending their Euro Cup title: 今年西班牙是欧洲杯的卫冕球队
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“Conference”
Conference: 5 z7 y) m4 p$ |* ?* G
1.  meeting: 会议、大会
' @/ K4 k1 W' v4 D- D2.  an association of sports teams that play each other: 体育联合会、赛区,只有NBA和NHL(全美冰球联赛)等一些赛事才分conference# [: r! h* |% r* C- d
You can also see a conference as a meeting of teams : 你可以把体育赛事中的conference看作是一场球队的集会/ |4 X& m* d7 R* v/ t
Eastern and Western Conference: 东部赛区、西部赛区. H. ?) S4 S8 h# J" @" [/ N
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说完体育,再说说口语中最容易造成误解的多义词!
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“Fine”

! X* P  c8 S+ F. ]$ g; X2 i$ {& rFine有两个截然不同的意思:
1. good, great: 好、棒" K8 o) ?3 _: S; \/ C8 k; c
2. money one has to pay as punishment: 罚款、罚金 (亦可作动词,表示对...处以罚款)
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5 i( ]1 Q% U! D( g0 R- w$ ]" G"Fine" is one of the very first English words that people learn: Fine算是大家最先学的英语词之一了7 ~0 ^& ^% S. ?  Q% x
One meaning of “fine” is “good”: “Fine”的一个意思就是“好、不错”
& W! s# H; J' ?# d% K6 ?2 JRight now, in Shanghai, there’re so many police on the street, stopping people on their motorcycles and scooters and giving them a fine: 现在上海路上警察不少,专拦那些违反交规的骑摩托车、骑电动车的人,然后开罚款" }3 O% U% H) C1 I9 o/ k7 B
I got fined today: 我今天被罚款了
, P: Z. o4 ~' F1 l/ D# ]. |1 PSingaporeans often say that Singapore is a very “fine” country: 新加坡人喜欢说自己的国家是一个很“fine”的国家,一语双关,一来说国家好,二来表示这个国家各种罚款很多
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"Mean"

/ j% b5 O" r2 C& pMean的几个不同含义:
  • intent to convey or refer to: 意思 (动词)
  • unkind: 不友好的、刻薄的、凶凶的 (形容词)
  • excellent: 出色的,口语中使用,形容技术、技巧高超, (形容词)8 Y, X2 B, Z/ Q* I2 Q* s% k
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The word “mean” used to confuse the hell out of me: Mean这个词以前我真是搞不清# P3 t, |; L0 w8 {4 o
What does the word "mean" mean?: 这个词什么意思?
$ ~5 d- _1 ~" k" ~9 DMean Girls: 一部美国电影,讲的是一群很刻薄的高中女欺负其他同学
* s; }9 S3 J, P( ?, u& N+ B1 AMy mom makes a mean Lasagna: 我妈做的千层面特别好吃
0 B- D9 Y& S0 d  E' g, y2 RHe plays a mean guitar: 他吉他弹得特别棒
# w) L0 `: p+ _) j& ]6 M/ ]9 Q2 Y1 M* eWhen talking about a person’s skills, “mean” is a compliment that suggests he or she is high-skilled: 如果mean形容的是一个人的技巧、技能,那这个时候mean其实是说这个人做得特别好、特别棒' o* I1 ~& F6 r( k
Jenny records a mean podcast: Jenny的播客做的特别好# v' v9 p: [' d; ^' j
When referring to skills, “mean” is good; when referring to personalities, “mean” is bad:讲一个人的技能、能力,用mean是褒义的;但用于形容人的性格时,mean就是个贬义词了
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"Neat"
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, ]+ z& i  P7 I! Z/ H: @0 qNeat的意思:* u. @& ?, u# z' |3 S$ ]" _7 x
1. clean and tidy: 干净整洁8 {0 C4 v5 v' l: d" M
2. very good, cool: 极好的
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1 G  U, x& R9 o: J* ^For a lot of you who have learned the word “neat”, you might know it means “clean and tidy”: 学过neat这个词的人都应该知道neat有干净整洁的意思: j) l1 P% Z$ a  ~
But it also means "cool" in everyday spoken English: 在日常口语中,neat也有cool的意思,指特别好、特别酷
. ~. [& W. f/ }0 h"That’s neat!": 好的,不错,真棒0 Y6 Z: o! b* e. ?& a
You can also replace “good” with “neat”: 也可以用neat来代替good
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"Correct"

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Correct的不同含义:
/ h) h! ?0 _5 S8 O1. right: 正确的 (形容词)7 d4 t, I% I4 `1 k
2. put right; make right: 修正、纠正 (动词)% f" ^3 B* h0 u: T4 K% E

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1 e# F* [3 `- ~) }' ]! lI often get confused when I see this word on the screen of a bank machine: 我每次在ATM屏幕上看到这个词都搞不清它的意思5 S" P* f: V  W, ~* P) }  s. @+ F7 @
Does it mean "correct" as in there's no mistake? 是正确的意思?* m: M* x0 A) u/ F! ]& }
Or does it mean since you made a mistake, you need to correct it: 还是按错了,要纠正的意思?, b# o2 j( S  f, ^
Have you figured it out?: 你最后搞清楚了吗?1 o9 E# a" \1 ]& L- S
I just use the Chinese. It’s much easier: 我就直接看中文,反而比看英语轻松- O" H6 C- P( K5 ]) p
*根据语境来分辨多义词的意思是关键!
& @+ w* D. Q7 p0 n/ a( @比如截图中,写着“correct"和"cancel"这两个词,既然cancel的意思是取消,那correct在这里应该就是正确的意思。*
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"Note"
note作为名词的主要两个意思:
! g# f& i, J  z" \1.  a piece of paper with information written on it: 纸条1 N/ _# D1 {& D* j" `
2.  banknote, paper money: 纸币. J' K* ^: N, Z; i

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( n! h% E* \0 ]2 C: o: Q2 jto write someone a note: 给某人写纸条、留便条2 f9 }& _2 P/ a
Some students take notes in class while some pass notes to each other: 上课的时候,有些同学记笔记,有些同学互相传小纸条
* C" x5 G) A" A) d7 e2 U; sbanknote: 纸币
; k, m- H6 O$ w+ ^+ Ecoins and notes: 硬币和纸币
+ c* ^. D3 s- e6 sIn monetary terms, notes refer to paper money: 讲货币的时候,notes指的就是纸币, ~3 a) l- I& l" v/ P* Z
This machine can only provide five-dollar notes: 本机只提供面值5美元的纸币
1 c( y! ]  f( r$ H*说到纸币,note在英式英语里更常用;而美国人更习惯用bill这个词。也是多义词,除了账单,还有一个意思是纸币。如: five-dollar bills五元纸币"
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"Company"2 W, K2 l6 r' c

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Company的主要两种意思:
; Q5 _) R* Q: b0 [* J$ f1. a firm or business: 公司' U& o) p5 ~" y, h+ ?' ]
2. the state of being with someone: 他人的陪伴
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I’m very lonely. I could use some company: 我好孤单,要有人陪陪我就好了' ~# l# v# \% H# ^& m( ]
Adam, you are great company: Adam, 有你陪伴真好/跟你在一起真开心& ], p- ?& d) _% b7 V3 g, @
to keep somebody company: 陪某人
) m# T& S$ c3 X1 z"You’re the company you keep": 近朱者赤,近墨者黑
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Party

6 r7 D* ?$ m  ^1 hParty的意思:  H2 ]& d2 t: p+ J+ Z1 K% G- o* v
1. a social event: 派对
- F& L4 _, \+ r: C5 w2. a group of people: 一群人,一个团体/ F" |' A$ X3 v* d

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% N8 B3 m3 E# F% E$ X4 LAs you go into restaurant, the waiter/waitress might ask you “How many people in your party?”: 进餐厅的时候,服务员会问你“请问几位?”, ?' Z3 `4 i$ c% {2 ]
The bride, bridegroom, groomsmen and bridesmaids are collectively known as the wedding party: 新郎新娘伴郎伴娘一行人统称wedding party
" z  z/ R9 F' ?# Z; fThe party after the wedding is actually called the wedding reception: 婚礼后的宴会不叫wedding party,叫做wedding reception
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"Call"

. D5 ^7 J7 {3 f( W0 p" H' Y' UCall的两个意思:$ K6 N- {9 `/ Y' C" A

! N# A. N# p) @- q1. a telephone call or to make a telephone call: 电话、打电话
" Z: Q7 b4 h- W" D+ ?2. decision: 决定
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You make the call/Your call: 你拿主意,由你决定( g3 G4 q5 k2 [$ ]& q& ?1 G
That’s a good call/Good call: 好主意!
4 d. [  n; C5 P( G5 s0 qThat was a terrible call: 吹得太烂了 (在看足球、篮球赛的时候经常说)
% m" ?* ^0 \. O& Q' yWhere are we going for dinner tonight?: 今晚去哪吃?
2 d+ e$ F& v  PIt’s your call: 你来决定0 n3 V3 C% W7 }% e1 r$ t8 Q

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今天节目就到这儿。欢迎大家留言,把你的问题、反馈告诉我们!
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这些多义词的意思、如何使用,你搞清了吗?还有问题,来上周五直播课!
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