* W% ]. v, b. r) K(13:16 和美国人打交道)" d! f% N6 `8 y# T
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+ N+ y" r: O2 D美国人的特点 \- C8 L/ M& `
9 {+ v- F1 U9 o大家在生活中可能也接触过不少来自美国的朋友,你觉得他们有什么共同特点呢? 7 n2 g8 G N) @# l5 F你眼中的美国文化是怎样的呢?今天Jenny给我们总结了她跟美国人多年来打交道的经验。9 a, R" }2 ~' O% d5 K/ l& z+ X
It’s such a big, broad topic: 这个话题很大2 s$ y9 S9 O* _& K, ]6 M, c
You don’t want generalize too much, but there’re some generalizations which could be made about American people: 我们不想过分概括,但美国人的确有些共同点可以总结分享 ; H4 v8 i g" c- VToday, we’ll go over some hallmarks of American culture and American people: 今天我们来说说美国文化和美国人的一些标志性特点0 K' c6 m5 S6 i! Y7 P: ?2 o
美国人特点一:松弛、随和 / B$ E6 Y% O" L. @4 [ 1 O. v7 v+ x6 l# V5 h' L N4 ?大多是美国人都比较松弛、很好相处。不过,不同地域的美国人也有些差异。2 n! q2 f# A# G9 W8 C! E7 N
比如,总的来说,东岸人节奏比较快、处事风格也如此;西岸人则更加悠闲、放松一些。0 D: q1 J9 F5 m$ @
Overall, American people are pretty relaxed: 总的来说,美国人很随和、松弛' L2 a9 S9 g% M. f( U! l
Of course, we’ve got uptight people too: 但当然也有美国人很一板一眼 3 ?/ B- a% U0 G9 o/ c6 `easygoing: (形容人)随和,好相处$ Y- m" J9 R8 h/ \
Stereotypes among Americans are that people from the west coast, for example Californians, are more relaxed and slow-paced: 美国人自己觉得西岸的人,比如加州人,比较放松,节奏比较慢 ( Q M$ f3 _& x, g- y) ZPeople on the east coast are a little more fast-paced: 东岸的人生活节奏比较快0 m/ ~+ o0 m* K4 B- \4 Y: t; z7 J
hustle and bustle: 忙碌喧嚣 - L/ A& }4 X! O0 k6 o5 e称呼:美国人更习惯用first name(名字)相称, 不太用title(头衔)( M5 d. a9 B2 {! L' e
Even for many who are senior within the organization, they might still ask you to call them by their first names if the occasion is not too formal: 在公司里,如果不是特别正式的场合,许多高层管理还是会让员工直接用他们的名字称呼& N( n* X/ ^: g4 X' Z$ d
Generally, in school, you call your teachers by “title + last name”, for example Mr. Richards: 学校里学生叫老师一般还是会用“称谓+姓”,比如“Mr. Richards” 5 Z- ]" { r4 i t) `At work, a lot of people prefer being called by their first names: 工作场合,很多人喜欢别人用他们的名来称呼他们 & Q1 [. x: F9 d! Y( U) sWe’re on a first-name basis: 我们都直接叫对方的名字 (表示比较熟)2 I9 W5 @8 h) ~5 G% v
遇到资历深的美国人,用尊称还是名字?) l+ f) q" T2 y( l; R3 m% O4 P
第一次见面最好谨慎一些用尊称。但是很多美国人会说“Just call me...(first name)" 5 S. f4 K& L& r6 v0 j8 |( Q( ZIn America, when you first meet someone very senior for the first time, address them as “Mr./Mrs./Ms.+ last name” to show respect: 在美国,如果是初次见到对方职位比你高货资历高的人,还是应该用Mr./Mrs./Ms.+姓氏来称呼对方,以示尊重, m6 F* [) x1 K3 R, n
Americans are relaxed, but they certainly value politeness: 虽然美国人很松弛,但是他们还是非常看重礼仪、礼貌的, x. T% c6 a1 D; V- ]. S! J# M
Mrs.和Ms.怎么用?0 t5 p% g( i k5 R# s2 Y5 W
Mrs.是已婚女士的称谓,一般是Mrs.+丈夫姓; 0 x' d, p0 p, ] D2 M6 I# ?Ms.这个称呼不一定只用来称呼年轻女性,而是不知道婚姻状况时都可以用, g4 H* N U4 {0 e3 @/ l( @# I3 _
美国人特点二:人人都是段子手 ( b* s# }* K7 x2 ~' G 6 h/ `: n: M \美式幽默是美国文化的一大亮点。很多美国人幽默细胞十足,聊起天来段子一个接着一个。奥巴马总统虽然在重要的场合十分严肃,但他其实也是个实打实的段子手,每年白宫记者招待会上他都要好好露一手。! b6 X7 {# y0 H" D3 _
Humor is a big part of American culture: 幽默是美国文化中很重要的一个部分. R, F( b2 [; b. s/ M1 z
Many of President Obama’s speeches, except for ones that are extremely formal, actually have a lot of humor in them: 除了极为正式的演讲,奥巴马总统的许多演讲其实都挺幽默的. ]" ]5 a- D: t9 z5 e1 T" W
A lot of the times, you want to lighten things up a bit: (演讲人)常常希望气氛能轻松一点 w- N0 n( G) m: O+ c9 xFree spirit and creativity are valued in American culture: 美国文化非常重视自由和创造力+ q# Z, U' j( d! o9 D" |
跟美国人开玩笑,也得注意一个度( g) v+ f7 V3 F
It’s one thing to understand it; it’s another thing to do it well yourself: 听得懂美式幽默是一回事,要运用自如又是另一回事3 d) l$ t# J1 n. |0 q
It takes years of practice to do it appropriately: 要掌握、恰当运用美式幽默,还得要多年的积累 , S1 t5 H0 r: x. a0 n# U+ ]to feel out your crowd: 要分清楚场合,弄清听众是什么样的人 ) X5 p. v( j; e- L) D放松只是美国人的一面,职场上美国人很拼 + s2 Z" V0 U& x7 }% `+ c7 w; ?. d5 J4 {) C6 R; X% k
凡事都有分寸,美国人也非常重视张弛有道。该幽默的时候可以幽默,但该严肃的场合就该严肃。工作、娱乐也一样。6 I" p% {: Y) Q4 Y( z! t
It doesn’t mean you can just goof around or joke around all the time: 和美国人打交道,绝对不是一味地放松随意# @6 x1 z, D) z
Americans respect hard workers and independent, strong thinkers: 美国人工作拼、很有自己想法的人 0 i, ~3 k( c8 z% R* YAmericans value hard work, being dependable and problem-solving attitude : 美国人在职场上还是很拼的,工作的时候靠谱、有解决问题的态度非常重要0 p+ j9 i+ p' ?$ t* `
平时别端着、该出手时就出手 $ D) H, B7 K7 y8 D( t ( |2 d, M: l% b# z$ U+ K0 BAmericans also don't tend to take themselves too seriously, yet know how to be serious when they need to be: 美国人不喜欢端着、觉得自己很了不起的人,但是需要严肃的时候,他们的态度绝对一丝不苟! q+ ^ ^$ r; Q' E! i5 e
We appreciate those who have poise under pressure: 沉着镇定,从容不迫的人,会受人敬重 ! N) c3 X: a1 ~3 t" L6 z: v3 x; a7 zSome people are very casual when you’re just hanging out with them, but they have veryhigh standards of professionalism when it comes to work: 有些美国人平时嘻嘻哈哈,但涉及工作的问题上非常严谨、专业度很高、说一不二' u7 t( O3 l- X( _% ]
美国人着装:平时超休闲、重要场合很正式0 D2 h& Z8 [& ~! Y4 ?
3 k0 n- b3 C0 C& D. c1 s美国老百姓穿衣服,平时大多很休闲。但是遇到一些固定场合,比如工作面试、见客户、甚至去好一点的餐厅吃饭,他们还是会精心打扮、respect the occassion (尊重场合)。% d! R9 ~9 H- ~, i, v# K) K) y$ A9 P
Americans tend to dress very casually in everyday life: 美国人平时穿着很休闲 |" v; t5 q6 P' W+ D: x3 u# p9 Z
T-shirt, jeans, sneakers: T-shirt, 牛仔裤、球鞋/ ^/ ~3 k5 C( u+ [3 C
But they certainly dress up if the occassion calls for it: 但是碰到必要的场合,他们绝对会打扮正式 : g' c! Z3 }& s# ?4 z4 l( [4 HIt might be a job interview, a client meeting or going to see a performance or to eat at a high-end restaurant: 比如说去参加面试、见客户、或者看演出、去高级餐厅* U9 z8 y, j- m3 U8 {! T, I2 V 总结概括2 l) i/ f+ \, o
In a nut shell in everyday dealings, Americans are very down-to-earth: 今天说了那么多,总结一下,日常生活中美国人普遍放松、朴实9 W$ i/ M% N' Y* ]
But they respect traditions, respect others and respect occassions: 但是他们会尊重传统、尊重他人、尊重场合 ! t! Y* M* {4 s1 ]% t, g9 i' ~9 y大家和美国人相处、打交道有什么心得体会?或者问题?, ]; e2 q* k$ ? @9 j3 \, F
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